In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy, defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, becoming King of England.
The conquest brought profound changes in landholding, governance, society, and the Church.
England became tied to continental Europe politically and culturally, while William maintained his role as Duke of Normandy.
William I (1066–1087)
Built castles (e.g., motte-and-bailey) across England to enforce dominance and deter rebellion.
Used a network of Norman garrisons to secure the countryside.
Confiscated estates from Anglo-Saxon nobles who resisted him.
Rewarded loyal Norman followers with land, ensuring their dependence on the king.
Appointed loyal Norman bishops and abbots, reducing English influence in the Church.
Supported reforms aligned with papal policy but ensured the king controlled appointments (lay investiture).
Promoted the idea of the king as God’s chosen ruler.
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What was the significance of the Battle of Hastings in 1066?
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Note
The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 was a pivotal moment in English history that transformed the country's political, social, and cultural landscape. William, Duke of Normandy, claimed the English throne after defeating Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings.
The conquest introduced a new ruling elite, replacing many Anglo-Saxon nobles with Norman lords
Norman French became the language of the court and administration
The feudal system was strengthened and expanded
Analogy
Think of the Norman Conquest as a complete operating system upgrade - it changed the fundamental way England was governed and organized.
Note
The Normans were originally Vikings who had settled in northern France (Normandy) and adopted French language and culture.
