IB History Topic Latin America Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic Latin America Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Background

The Latin American wars of independence emerged in the early nineteenth century as colonial subjects challenged Spanish and Portuguese rule.
Influenced by the Enlightenment, the American (1776) and French (1789) Revolutions, and the Napoleonic invasion of Spain (1808), these movements combined ideas of liberty and self-determination with local struggles over race, class, and political power.

Causes and Influences

Enlightenment and Revolutionary Ideals

Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau inspired calls for natural rights, liberty, and government by consent.
The success of earlier revolutions showed that colonial powers could be overthrown.
The Napoleonic occupation of Spain created a power vacuum, weakening royal authority in the Americas and encouraging Creole elites to act.

Economic and Social Grievances

Mercantilist restrictions forced colonies to trade only with Spain or Portugal, angering Creole merchants who sought free trade.
Social divisions ran deep: Creoles (American-born Europeans) resented their exclusion from top posts, while Indigenous, mestizo, and enslaved populations faced systemic inequality.
These tensions shaped each region’s revolution differently.

Definition

Creoles

American-born descendants of Europeans who sought political and economic independence but often resisted radical social change.

Regional Paths to Independence

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Definition

Paywall

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Background

The Latin American wars of independence emerged in the early nineteenth century as colonial subjects challenged Spanish and Portuguese rule.
Influenced by the Enlightenment, the American (1776) and French (1789) Revolutions, and the Napoleonic invasion of Spain (1808), these movements combined ideas of liberty and self-determination with local struggles over race, class, and political power.

Causes and Influences

Enlightenment and Revolutionary Ideals

Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau inspired calls for natural rights, liberty, and government by consent.
The success of earlier revolutions showed that colonial powers could be overthrown.
The Napoleonic occupation of Spain created a power vacuum, weakening royal authority in the Americas and encouraging Creole elites to act.

Economic and Social Grievances

Mercantilist restrictions forced colonies to trade only with Spain or Portugal, angering Creole merchants who sought free trade.
Social divisions ran deep: Creoles (American-born Europeans) resented their exclusion from top posts, while Indigenous, mestizo, and enslaved populations faced systemic inequality.
These tensions shaped each region’s revolution differently.

Definition

Creoles

American-born descendants of Europeans who sought political and economic independence but often resisted radical social change.

Regional Paths to Independence

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Latin America Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Background

Causes and Influences

Enlightenment and Revolutionary Ideals

Economic and Social Grievances

Regional Paths to Independence

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Background

Causes and Influences

Enlightenment and Revolutionary Ideals

Economic and Social Grievances

Regional Paths to Independence

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account