IB History Topic Japan and the Pacific War Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic Japan and the Pacific War Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Japan's Decision to Attack Pearl Harbor

Japan’s decision to attack Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941) was the result of escalating tensions with the United States following years of expansion in China and Southeast Asia.
The U.S. embargoes (1940–1941) on oil, steel, and other vital materials crippled Japan’s economy, threatening both its military operations and its empire.
Japanese leaders faced two choices: withdraw from China and accept Western conditions or secure new resources through military conquest.
The newly appointed Prime Minister General Hideki Tojo and military leadership concluded that war with the United States was inevitable.
The plan to strike at Pearl Harbor aimed to cripple the U.S. Pacific Fleet, buying Japan time to consolidate control over Southeast Asia before the U.S. could recover.
Although Emperor Hirohito hesitated, the Imperial Conference (November 1941) approved war preparations after failed negotiations with Washington.

Definition

Embargo

A government order restricting trade, used by the United States to limit Japan’s access to oil and war materials.

Definition

Hideki Tojo

Japanese Army general and prime minister who led Japan into war with the United States and oversaw much of the Pacific conflict.

Case study

The Attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)

Causes and Planning

Japan’s occupation of French Indochina (1941) provoked the U.S. to freeze Japanese assets and cut off oil supplies.
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, planned a surprise strike on the U.S. Pacific Fleet in Hawaii.
The goal was to deliver a knockout blow, destroying American naval power and deterring counterattack.
Diplomacy continued until the last moment, but negotiations failed over Japan’s refusal to leave China.

Impact

At 7:55 a.m., Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, sinking or damaging eight battleships and killing over 2,400 Americans.
However, the U.S. aircraft carriers were not in port, limiting the long-term impact.
The attack unified American public opinion and led to a U.S. declaration of war on Japan the next day.
Japan achieved its short-term objective of surprise but underestimated the industrial and psychological resilienceof the United States.

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Note

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Japan's Decision to Attack Pearl Harbor

Japan’s decision to attack Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941) was the result of escalating tensions with the United States following years of expansion in China and Southeast Asia.
The U.S. embargoes (1940–1941) on oil, steel, and other vital materials crippled Japan’s economy, threatening both its military operations and its empire.
Japanese leaders faced two choices: withdraw from China and accept Western conditions or secure new resources through military conquest.
The newly appointed Prime Minister General Hideki Tojo and military leadership concluded that war with the United States was inevitable.
The plan to strike at Pearl Harbor aimed to cripple the U.S. Pacific Fleet, buying Japan time to consolidate control over Southeast Asia before the U.S. could recover.
Although Emperor Hirohito hesitated, the Imperial Conference (November 1941) approved war preparations after failed negotiations with Washington.

Definition

Embargo

A government order restricting trade, used by the United States to limit Japan’s access to oil and war materials.

Definition

Hideki Tojo

Japanese Army general and prime minister who led Japan into war with the United States and oversaw much of the Pacific conflict.

Case study

The Attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)

Causes and Planning

Japan’s occupation of French Indochina (1941) provoked the U.S. to freeze Japanese assets and cut off oil supplies.
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, planned a surprise strike on the U.S. Pacific Fleet in Hawaii.
The goal was to deliver a knockout blow, destroying American naval power and deterring counterattack.
Diplomacy continued until the last moment, but negotiations failed over Japan’s refusal to leave China.

Impact

At 7:55 a.m., Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, sinking or damaging eight battleships and killing over 2,400 Americans.
However, the U.S. aircraft carriers were not in port, limiting the long-term impact.
The attack unified American public opinion and led to a U.S. declaration of war on Japan the next day.
Japan achieved its short-term objective of surprise but underestimated the industrial and psychological resilienceof the United States.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Japan and the Pacific War Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Japan's Decision to Attack Pearl Harbor

The Attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Japan's Decision to Attack Pearl Harbor

The Attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account