Notes for Impact of the First World War on Civilian Populations of two countries - IB | RevisionDojo
Impact of the First World War on Civilian Populations of two countries Notes
Overview
The war wasn’t just fought on the front lines.
Civilians (people who weren’t soldiers) were deeply affected by the First World War.
If you have to use two countries to compare, focus on Britain and Germany. These are two key European countries who experienced the war very differently.
Britain
Food and Rationing
Germany’s submarine attacks on British ships caused food shortages.
Rationing was introduced in 1918. People were given limited portions of meat, sugar, and butter.
People grew their own food in "Victory Gardens".
Propaganda and Censorship
The government used posters, films, and newspapers to control public opinion.
Information about defeats and death tolls was kept quiet to keep morale high.
Role of Women
Women took over jobs left by men who went to fight.
Changed attitudes about women working.
Air Raids and Fear
Civilians were attacked from the air.
German Zeppelins bombed British towns and cities.
Civilians had to deal with fear and destruction even though they weren’t on the battlefield.
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Note
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What caused food shortages in Britain during the war?
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Note
The First World War was a total war, meaning it affected not just soldiers on the front lines but also civilians on the home front. The impact on civilian populations varied greatly between countries, with Britain and Germany experiencing the war in very different ways.
In Britain, the war led to significant social changes, including the introduction of rationing and the increased participation of women in the workforce.
In Germany, the war caused severe hardship, with food shortages leading to starvation and social unrest.
DefinitionTotal WarA conflict that involves not just the military but the entire population and resources of a nation.
AnalogyThink of total war like a game where everyone has to play, not just the main players. Even those who usually watch from the sidelines are forced to participate.
ExampleDuring the war, British civilians grew their own food in "Victory Gardens" to supplement their rations, while German civilians faced the "Turnip Winter" where turnips became a staple food due to shortages.
