IB History Topic Foreign Policy and Foreign Affairs 1949–1976 Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic Foreign Policy and Foreign Affairs 1949–1976 Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Sino-Soviet Relations

After 1949, China and the Soviet Union began as partners, but ideological tensions and security concerns led to a major split by the early 1960s.
The PRC depended on Soviet loans, advisers and industrial support after the Communist victory in 1949.
Mao admired the Soviet model but disliked the level of Soviet control, especially in joint projects and border zones.
Stalin’s death in 1953 created uncertainty, and Mao increasingly questioned Khrushchev’s reforms, especially de-Stalinization.
China opposed the idea of peaceful coexistence, arguing that it weakened revolutionary struggle.
Border disputes and disagreements over nuclear weapons deepened mistrust by the early 1960s.

Case study

Sino-Soviet Split (1956–1964)

Ideological Conflict

Mao believed the USSR had abandoned true Marxism after criticizing Stalin, calling it revisionist.
Mao viewed Khrushchev’s peaceful coexistence with the West as surrender.
China argued that world revolution must be pushed forward, not slowed to avoid conflict.
Mao saw himself as the natural leader of global communism, challenging Soviet authority.
Ideological journals and speeches became battlegrounds for criticism between both nations.

Strategic and Military Tensions

China demanded nuclear assistance, but the USSR refused to share atomic technology.
Border clashes emerged along the Ussuri River, increasing hostility.
Moscow canceled economic aid and withdrew thousands of Soviet advisers in 1960.
The split reshaped global Cold War alliances, pushing Beijing into a more isolated position.
The split also pushed China to develop an independent nuclear program, achieving atomic success in 1964.

Definition

Mutual Assistance Treaty (1950)

These treaties of 1950 established alliances, provided for military cooperation, or created mechanisms for exchanging information and aid between signatory countries during the early Cold War period.

Sino-American Relations

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Sino-Soviet Relations

After 1949, China and the Soviet Union began as partners, but ideological tensions and security concerns led to a major split by the early 1960s.
The PRC depended on Soviet loans, advisers and industrial support after the Communist victory in 1949.
Mao admired the Soviet model but disliked the level of Soviet control, especially in joint projects and border zones.
Stalin’s death in 1953 created uncertainty, and Mao increasingly questioned Khrushchev’s reforms, especially de-Stalinization.
China opposed the idea of peaceful coexistence, arguing that it weakened revolutionary struggle.
Border disputes and disagreements over nuclear weapons deepened mistrust by the early 1960s.

Case study

Sino-Soviet Split (1956–1964)

Ideological Conflict

Mao believed the USSR had abandoned true Marxism after criticizing Stalin, calling it revisionist.
Mao viewed Khrushchev’s peaceful coexistence with the West as surrender.
China argued that world revolution must be pushed forward, not slowed to avoid conflict.
Mao saw himself as the natural leader of global communism, challenging Soviet authority.
Ideological journals and speeches became battlegrounds for criticism between both nations.

Strategic and Military Tensions

China demanded nuclear assistance, but the USSR refused to share atomic technology.
Border clashes emerged along the Ussuri River, increasing hostility.
Moscow canceled economic aid and withdrew thousands of Soviet advisers in 1960.
The split reshaped global Cold War alliances, pushing Beijing into a more isolated position.
The split also pushed China to develop an independent nuclear program, achieving atomic success in 1964.

Definition

Mutual Assistance Treaty (1950)

These treaties of 1950 established alliances, provided for military cooperation, or created mechanisms for exchanging information and aid between signatory countries during the early Cold War period.

Sino-American Relations

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Foreign Policy and Foreign Affairs 1949–1976 Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split (1956–1964)

Sino-American Relations

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split (1956–1964)

Sino-American Relations

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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