IB History Topic Exploration and Conquest in North America Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic Exploration and Conquest in North America Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Columbus’s Voyages and First Contact

In 1492, Christopher Columbus, backed by Spain, sailed west across the Atlantic and landed in the Caribbean (likely the Bahamas and Hispaniola). He believed he had reached Asia.
His voyage marked the beginning of permanent European contact with the Americas and initiated an era of conquest and colonization.
Columbus initially described the Taíno people as generous and peaceful but soon demanded tribute in gold and labor, establishing a pattern of exploitation.

Spanish Conquest and Colonization

The Spanish rapidly conquered major Caribbean islands such as Hispaniola, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, using military force to dominate local populations.
Within decades, smallpox, measles, and influenza devastated Indigenous communities, wiping out most of the Caribbean’s native population.
To organize labor, the Spanish established the encomienda system, granting Spaniards control over land and Indigenous workers. Although it was supposed to offer protection and religious instruction, it became a tool for enslavement and abuse.
As the Indigenous labor force collapsed, enslaved Africans were imported to work on emerging sugar plantations, introducing African slavery into the New World economy.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Columbus’s Voyages and First Contact

In 1492, Christopher Columbus, backed by Spain, sailed west across the Atlantic and landed in the Caribbean (likely the Bahamas and Hispaniola). He believed he had reached Asia.
His voyage marked the beginning of permanent European contact with the Americas and initiated an era of conquest and colonization.
Columbus initially described the Taíno people as generous and peaceful but soon demanded tribute in gold and labor, establishing a pattern of exploitation.

Spanish Conquest and Colonization

The Spanish rapidly conquered major Caribbean islands such as Hispaniola, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, using military force to dominate local populations.
Within decades, smallpox, measles, and influenza devastated Indigenous communities, wiping out most of the Caribbean’s native population.
To organize labor, the Spanish established the encomienda system, granting Spaniards control over land and Indigenous workers. Although it was supposed to offer protection and religious instruction, it became a tool for enslavement and abuse.
As the Indigenous labor force collapsed, enslaved Africans were imported to work on emerging sugar plantations, introducing African slavery into the New World economy.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Exploration and Conquest in North America Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Columbus’s Voyages and First Contact

Spanish Conquest and Colonization

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Columbus’s Voyages and First Contact

Spanish Conquest and Colonization

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account