Astrolabe
A navigation tool used to measure latitude by observing the stars.
Jesuit Missions
Religious missions led by the Society of Jesus to convert indigenous peoples.
| Focus | Spanish Exploration | Portugese Exploration |
|---|---|---|
| Motives | Driven by the Reconquista spirit to spread Catholicism and expand imperial power. | Aimed to control Asian and African trade routes and spread Christianity through missions. |
| Expansion | Columbus (1492) reached the Americas; Cortés and Pizarro conquered major empires in Mexico and Peru. | Built a maritime empire with trading posts in Goa, Malacca, and Macau instead of large colonies. |
| Economic Impact | Wealth from silver mines in Potosí and Mexico fueled global trade, especially with China. | Dominated the Indian Ocean spice trade through naval power and fortified ports. |
| Decline / Legacy | The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided the world with Portugal; vast empire but weakened by overextension. | Faced decline by the 17th century as Dutch and English challenged its monopoly on trade. |
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(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.
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