Notes for Emergence: Conditions for Lenin's rise to power - IB | RevisionDojo
Emergence: Conditions for Lenin's rise to power Notes
Conditions for Lenin’s Rise to Power
Lenin
Political Context
Tsarist Autocracy:
For centuries, Russia had been ruled by an absolute Tsar.
Nicholas II clung to autocracy despite demands for reform after the 1905 Revolution (e.g., the Duma was weak and easily dissolved).
WWI (1914–17):
Catastrophic defeats (e.g., Tannenberg 1914) and huge casualties (over 2 million dead by 1917).
In 1915 Nicholas II personally took command of the army → tied military disasters to his leadership.
Provisional Government (Feb–Oct 1917): Formed after Nicholas II abdicated in March 1917. Initially popular but quickly lost support:
Continued fighting WWI → unpopular with soldiers and civilians.
Failed to resolve land reform → peasants began seizing land on their own.
Shared power with the Soviets → “dual power” weakened its authority.
Social Context
Peasantry:
80% of the population.
Wanted land redistribution.
The Provisional Government delayed reform, fuelling anger and spontaneous land seizures in 1917.
Workers:
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