Notes for Disraeli, Gladstone and Salisbury - IB | RevisionDojo
Disraeli, Gladstone and Salisbury Notes
Often considered a leader in "One Nation" conservatism, Disraeli believed the Conservative Party should use state power to address the needs of all classes, particularly the working class, to ensure social stability.
Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative Prime Minister 1874–1880) introduced social reforms such as the Artisans’ Dwellings Act (1875) to improve housing and the Public Health Act (1875) to strengthen sanitation laws, showing Conservatives could also act on social issues.
Disraeli’s Factory Act (1874) reduced working hours for women and children, aiming to appeal to working-class voters and strengthen “One Nation Conservatism.”
William Gladstone (Liberal Prime Minister, several terms 1868–1894) focused on moral and institutional reform, including the Education Act (1870) to provide elementary schooling and the Secret Ballot Act (1872) to reduce election corruption.
Gladstone’s reforms also included the Irish Church Act (1869), which disestablished the Protestant Church of Ireland, aiming to ease tensions between Catholics and Protestants.
Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative Prime Minister 1885–1902) was more cautious with reform, preferring limited changes such as expanding local government powers through the Local Government Act (1888).
The Irish Question dominated late 19th-century politics: Ireland suffered deep poverty, land disputes, and resentment of British rule.
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What social reform did Disraeli introduce in 1875?
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Note
Benjamin Disraeli, a prominent figure in British politics, served as Conservative Prime Minister from 1874 to 1880. His leadership marked a significant shift in Conservative policy, emphasizing social reform and national unity.
Disraeli's approach was rooted in One Nation Conservatism, aiming to bridge the gap between rich and poor
He believed that social reform was essential for maintaining social order and stability
His policies were designed to appeal to both the working class and traditional Conservative supporters
Analogy
Think of Disraeli's approach as a bridge connecting two separate islands - the wealthy elite and the working class. He believed that strengthening this bridge would ensure the stability of the entire nation.
Note
Disraeli's focus on social reform was unusual for a Conservative leader at the time, as social issues were typically associated with the Liberal Party.
