Notes for Directory (1795–1799) - IB | RevisionDojo
Directory (1795–1799) Notes
The goal was to establish a more moderate and stable republic, avoiding both the excesses of radicalism and a return to monarchy.
Establishment of the Directory (1795)
After the fall of Robespierre in 1794, France needed stability and a move away from the excesses of the Terror.
The Constitution of 1795 created the Directory: a new system designed to avoid dictatorship and balance power.
It included a bicameral legislature (Council of 500 + Council of Ancients) and an executive of five Directors.
Voting was restricted to property-owning men, showing a shift back to more moderate rule.
The Directory was meant to protect the Republic while preventing both royalist restoration and Jacobin extremism.
Nature of the Directory
The Directory was constantly caught between royalists, who wanted the monarchy restored, and radicals, who wanted a return to Jacobin policies.
It relied heavily on the army to maintain control, which increased the political influence of generals like Napoleon Bonaparte.
Corruption and inefficiency were widespread, with many Directors accused of enriching themselves.
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Note
After the fall of Robespierre in 1794, France was in desperate need of stability. The Reign of Terror had left the nation traumatized, and there was a strong desire to prevent both dictatorship and anarchy.
The Constitution of 1795 was designed to create a balanced government that would avoid the concentration of power seen during the Terror.
The new system included a bicameral legislature and an executive body of five Directors.
Voting rights were limited to property-owning men, reflecting a shift towards more conservative and moderate rule.
Analogy
Think of the Directory as a seesaw trying to balance between two extremes: on one side, the chaos of revolution, and on the other, the threat of dictatorship.
DefinitionBicameral Legislature
A legislative body with two separate chambers or houses, designed to provide checks and balances.
