Notes for Crisis of Monarchy and Challenges to Royal Authority - IB | RevisionDojo
Crisis of Monarchy and Challenges to Royal Authority Notes
Overview
The 15th century sawmajor political instability in both England and France
Weak monarchies faced challenges from ambitious nobles.
In England, the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487) were a series of civil wars between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of the throne.
In France, the War of the Public Weal (1465) was a revolt by powerful nobles against King Louis XI’s attempts to centralize royal authority.
Both conflicts reveal the fragile balance between monarchy and nobility in late medieval Europe.
War of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses
Causes
Dynastic rivalry between House of Lancaster and House of York.
Economic problems and discontent.
Weak rule of Henry VI and factional disputes at court.
Course of the War
Began in 1455 with the First Battle of St Albans.
Shifts in power between Yorkists and Lancastrians, with notable figures like Edward IV, Margaret of Anjou, and Richard III.
Ended in 1487 with the Battle of Stoke Field.
Impact & Significance
Weakened the power of the nobility through loss of life and property.
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What were the Wars of the Roses?
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Note
The 15th century was a period of significant political turmoil in Europe, marked by power struggles between monarchs and nobles. This era saw the decline of feudalism and the rise of centralized monarchies, but the transition was far from smooth.
Monarchs sought to centralize power, while nobles fought to maintain their traditional privileges
The period was characterized by frequent conflicts, both internal and external
Economic and social changes added to the instability
Analogy
Think of this period as a game of tug-of-war, with monarchs on one side trying to pull power towards the center, and nobles on the other side resisting this pull.
DefinitionFeudalism
A social and political system where land was exchanged for military service and loyalty, with power distributed among various levels of nobility.
