Notes for Enlightenment Ideas in France & England - IB | RevisionDojo
Enlightenment Ideas in France & England Notes
Voltaire was the pen name of François-Marie Arouet, a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher. He was known for his wit and advocacy of civil liberties.
France
Voltaire used satire to attack censorship and religious intolerance, which challenged both the Catholic Church and the monarchy.
Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers directly criticized the concentration of authority under the Bourbon monarchy.
The growth of salons in Paris, often hosted by elite women, spread Enlightenment debate and made political ideas fashionable.
The Enlightenment contributed to rising discontent with absolutism, feeding into the French Revolution of 1789.
Monarchs like Louis XV and Louis XVI were hesitant to embrace reforms, showing the limits of Enlightenment influence in France until revolutionary upheaval.
John Locke (1632–1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely considered one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers and known as the "father of liberalism". He made foundational contributions to modern philosophical empiricism and political philosophy.
England
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What did Voltaire use to attack censorship and religious intolerance?
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The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in 17th and 18th century Europe that emphasized reason, individual rights, and scientific inquiry. It challenged traditional authority and laid the groundwork for modern democratic societies.
The Enlightenment is often called the Age of Reason
Thinkers believed that human progress could be achieved through rational thought
It questioned established institutions like the monarchy and the church
DefinitionEnlightenmentA European intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.
AnalogyThink of the Enlightenment as a software update for society - it introduced new ways of thinking that improved how people viewed government, science, and human rights.
ExampleBefore the Enlightenment, most people accepted that kings ruled by divine right. After the Enlightenment, ideas about government by consent of the people became more popular.
