Notes for Bourbon Reforms and Pombaline Reforms - IB | RevisionDojo
Bourbon Reforms and Pombaline Reforms Notes
The Bourbon reforms were a series of political, economic, and social changes implemented throughout the Spanish Empire by the Bourbon dynasty during the 18th century. Influenced by Enlightenment ideas, these reforms aimed to centralize power, increase revenue, and modernize the military, particularly after Spain's decline under its previous Habsburg rulers.
Reasons for the Reforms
By the 18th century, both Spain and Portugal felt their colonial empires were inefficient and losing money to corruption and smuggling.
Rival European powers (Britain, France, the Netherlands) were challenging Iberian dominance in trade and colonies.
The crowns wanted to tighten control, modernize administration, and increase revenues from the Americas.
Hint
Connect cause and consequence
Link reform measures (taxes, intendants, Jesuit expulsion) directly to social unrest and independence.
Use contrast
Compare intended outcomes (centralization, efficiency) with real outcomes (resentment, nationalism).
Nature of the Bourbon Reforms (Spain)
The Bourbon dynasty replaced the Habsburgs in 1700 and introduced reforms to centralize power.
New viceroyalties (e.g., Rio de la Plata, New Granada) were created to improve administration.
Trade was liberalized somewhat. Colonies could trade with more Spanish ports instead of just Seville, but restrictions remained.
The crown increased taxation, reorganized armies, and appointed more peninsulares (Spanish-born officials) instead of local creoles.
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