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Aims and results of policies: Impact of Lenin's policies on women and minorities Notes
Lenin’s Policies: Impact on Women and Minorities
Soviet propaganda poster celebrating women workers and collective farmers, linking female participation in labor to loyalty to Lenin and the Communist Party.Note
Lenin’s policies show gap between ideology and pragmatism.
Equality for women/minorities used to mobilize support in crises, then rolled back.
Women: radical reforms in family law, but limited impact in daily life.
Minorities: early concessions → centralized control and repression.
Continuity: Bolsheviks prioritized political survival over consistent liberation.
Women
Aims
Promote gender equality as part of Marxist ideology.
Mobilize women into workforce to support industrial/social transformation.
Break patriarchal structures of Tsarist regime and Orthodox Church.
Policies
1918 Family Code: legalized divorce, equal rights for illegitimate children, secularized marriage.
1920: abortion legalized (first country to do so).
Zhenotdel (1919): Women’s Department led by Alexandra Kollontai, focused on literacy, employment, childcare, communal kitchens, laundries.
Encouraged women into work and education, promoted as “equal revolutionaries.”
Results
Legal autonomy expanded but few economic safety nets.
Zhenotdel successes in literacy/health but underfunded and resisted by men. Closed in 1930.
Women often in low-paid work; patriarchal attitudes persisted.
Rhetoric of equality outpaced reality, many faced “triple burden”(work, home, politics).
Nationalities and Minorities
Aims
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Note
Lenin's policies towards women and minorities were deeply rooted in Marxist ideology, aiming to create a more equal and just society. However, the implementation of these policies often faced significant challenges and contradictions.
The Bolsheviks believed that gender equality was essential for a true socialist society
They saw the liberation of women as a way to mobilize half the population for the revolutionary cause
For minorities, the goal was to undermine Tsarist oppression and gain support from diverse ethnic groups
Analogy
Think of Lenin's policies as a blueprint for a house - the design was revolutionary, but the construction faced many obstacles and compromises.
Note
While the intentions were radical, the reality of implementing these policies in a war-torn, traditional society was far more complex.
