IB History Role of Allied Governments and Non-governmental Organizations Key Definitions

A programme by which the Allies aimed to purge Nazi influence from German society and politics after the Second World War. Millions of Germans submitted questionnaires and appeared before tribunals that categorised them from 'major offenders' to 'exonerated'. The process was criticised for becoming less rigorous over time.

Temporary camps established after WWII to house people who could not return to their home countries. Run by Allied forces and later by the International Refugee Organization (IRO), the last DP camps did not close until 1957.

The common market established by the Treaty of Rome (1957), signed by France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The EEC created free movement of goods, services, labour, and capital among member states and a common external tariff. It expanded to include Britain, Ireland, and Denmark in 1973, and was transformed into the European Union by the Maastricht Treaty in 1992.

Announced by US Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947, this programme used American resources to help European countries recover from the Second World War. Aid credits allowed infrastructure improvement and free trade was a condition of receiving Marshall Aid. It worsened US-Soviet relations and helped bring about the Cold War.

A meeting of Allied leaders (Truman, Stalin, Attlee) in July-August 1945 that decided the post-war treatment of Germany. Article XIII authorised the "orderly and humane" transfer of ethnic German populations from Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary.