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Nuremberg Trials (1945-1946)
A series of military tribunals held after World War II, beginning with the International Military Tribunal (IMT) that tried 24 senior Nazi leaders from November 1945 to October 1946. Defendants were charged with conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity -- the last being a new category of international law. Twelve defendants were sentenced to death. The trials established that individuals could be held responsible for state-directed crimes and that superior orders were not a defence.