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Confino
A form of internal exile used in Fascist Italy, in which political opponents were sent to live under police supervision in remote, isolated villages, typically in southern Italy or the island of Pantelleria. Confino did not require a trial or judicial verdict; the decision was made administratively by local police authorities and later the Interior Ministry. It was less violent than imprisonment but effective in removing opponents from political life. Notable victims included the communist intellectual Carlo Levi (who wrote "Christ Stopped at Eboli" about his experience) and many trade unionists and socialists. Mussolini's regime used confino far less lethally than Hitler or Stalin used comparable measures.