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Focused study 4: Conflict and displacement
Post-war displacement in Europe (1945-1960)
Indochina refugee crisis (1975-1990)
Focused study 5: Protest and change
Feminism in the USA (1960-1979)
Revolution in Tunisia (1989-2015)
Thematic study 3: Authoritarian rule (from 1750 CE onwards)
Egypt: Nasser
Cuba: Castro
China: Mao
Germany: Hitler
Thematic study 4: Popular movements (from 1750 CE onwards)
Why did popular movements emerge?
How did popular movements create change?
How were popular movements challenged?
What was the impact of popular movements?
The Americas
Regional study 7: The Great Depression in the Americas (circa 1920-1939)
Regional study 8: Emergence of the Americas in global affairs (1880-1945)
Regional study 9: The Americas during the Cold War (1945-1991)
Regional study 11: Social movements in the Americas (1945-2020)
Asia and Oceania
Regional study 8: Emergence of Modern China (1910-1949)
Regional study 11: The Cold War in Asia (1949-2002)
Regional study 12: The People's Republic of China (1949-2020)
Europe
Regional study 6: Europe and the First World War (1871-1923)
Regional study 7: The Russian Revolution (1855-1924)
Regional study 8: European totalitarianism (1918-1941)
Regional study 9: Europe and the Second World War (1918-1949)
Regional study 11: The USSR and post-Soviet Russia (1945-2020)
Regional study 12: Europe during and after the Cold War (1945-2020)
Qualified support
Political or diplomatic backing that remains limited by conditions, reservations, or a refusal to provide direct military participation.