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Long March
The 9,000 km retreat of the Chinese Communist Party (1934-1935) from Jiangxi to Yan'an to escape Nationalist encirclement. Of roughly 80,000 who started, only about 8,000 survived. It became a founding myth of the CCP.
White Terror (China)
The violent purge of communists and suspected sympathisers carried out by Chiang Kai-shek's Guomindang from April 1927 onward, beginning with the Shanghai Massacre and killing tens of thousands of people.