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First Five-Year Plan (1953–1957)
China's first major economic planning program, modelled on Soviet central planning. It prioritised heavy industry (steel, coal, machinery) over agriculture and consumer goods, following Soviet advice and with substantial Soviet technical assistance. The First Five-Year Plan achieved strong industrial growth — steel output more than tripled — but the emphasis on heavy industry at the expense of agriculture laid the groundwork for the famine caused by the Great Leap Forward.
Marriage Reform Law (1950)
The PRC's first major social reform, which abolished arranged marriage, concubinage, and dowry payments, permitted divorce, and required all marriages to be registered with the state.