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Conservative coalition
The informal alliance of Republicans and mainly southern Democrats that blocked or limited further New Deal reform from the late 1930s.
Economic depression
A period of prolonged high unemployment and low investment in economic activity, more severe and longer-lasting than a recession.
New Deal
A series of programmes, public works projects, financial reforms, and regulations introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1939 in response to the Great Depression. Key agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), and the Social Security Administration. The New Deal expanded the federal government's role in the economy and established the principle that government bore responsibility for citizens' basic welfare.
New Deal coalition
The electoral alliance of southern whites, many urban workers, immigrant and religious minorities, farmers, reformers, organized labour, and increasing numbers of African American voters that supported the Democratic Party from the 1930s.