IB History Impact of the Cold War During Kennedy and Johnson Key Definitions

A US foreign aid programme launched by President Kennedy in 1961, pledging $20 billion over ten years to promote economic development, social reform and democratic governance in Latin America. It aimed to reduce the appeal of communism by addressing poverty and inequality, but achieved limited results due to political conditions attached to aid and entrenched structural problems.

A sudden, illegal overthrow of a government, often carried out by the military. The term comes from French, meaning 'blow of state.'

The growing difference between official claims about progress in Vietnam and the evidence perceived by journalists, soldiers, legislators, and the public.

A committee or council that rules a country, usually after seizing power by force. The term is most commonly associated with military rulers of Latin American countries.

The US military intervention launched in the Dominican Republic in April 1965, officially to protect foreign nationals and later justified as preventing a communist takeover.

Political or diplomatic backing that remains limited by conditions, reservations, or a refusal to provide direct military participation.