IB History How Was Displacement Experienced by Different Groups? Key Definitions

Punishment imposed on a group for actions attributed to some of its members, often used to intimidate, deter, or reshape a population.

The act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another. After 1945, many displaced persons emigrated to the United States, Canada, Australia, and Latin America because they could not or would not return to their countries of origin.

Of or belonging to a population group or subgroup who share a common cultural background or descent; the "Aryans" according to Nazi ideology.

French for "against our will." The term refers to approximately 130,000 men from Alsace and Lorraine who were conscripted into the German armed forces after Germany annexed these French territories in 1940. After the war, they faced suspicion from both French and German authorities.

German for "Eastern worker." A term used by the Nazi regime for forced labourers brought to Germany from occupied Eastern European territories, particularly the Soviet Union and Poland. Ostarbeiter were subjected to harsher conditions and lower rations than Western European workers.

Systematic or repeated harm, harassment, or discrimination directed at people because of their identity, beliefs, or perceived affiliations, often involving the state or powerful armed actors.

The forcible return of refugees or asylum seekers to a country where they are liable to be subjected to persecution. The principle of *non-refoulement* is a cornerstone of international refugee law.