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Death marches
Forced marches of concentration camp prisoners carried out by the SS in the final months of the war, as Allied forces advanced. Guards evacuated camps and marched prisoners westward to prevent their liberation, killing those who fell behind. Tens of thousands died from exhaustion, exposure, and shooting.
Scorched earth
A military strategy of destroying resources (food, transport, housing) to prevent an enemy from using them, often with severe consequences for civilians.