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Bay of Pigs
A failed CIA-backed invasion of Cuba in April 1961 by Cuban exiles attempting to overthrow Castro. Its failure strengthened Castro's position domestically and pushed Cuba closer to the Soviet Union.
Committees for the Defence of the Revolution (CDRs)
Neighbourhood-level organizations established in 1960 to defend the revolution. CDRs organized community services (vaccination drives, blood donations, literacy programmes) but also monitored political loyalty and reported dissent. By the mid-1960s, around 80% of Cuba's adult population belonged to a CDR.