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Bay of Pigs
A failed CIA-backed invasion of Cuba in April 1961 by Cuban exiles attempting to overthrow Castro. Its failure strengthened Castro's position domestically and pushed Cuba closer to the Soviet Union.
Cuban Missile Crisis
A 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the US and Soviet Union over Soviet nuclear missiles placed in Cuba. It ended with the Soviets withdrawing the missiles in exchange for a US pledge not to invade Cuba.