Context: In August 2018, fifteen-year-old Swedish student Greta Thunberg began striking outside the Swedish parliament every Friday, demanding stronger government action on climate change. Within months her solitary protest sparked a global youth climate movement called Fridays for Future, mobilising millions of students across over 150 countries. On September 20, 2019 , an estimated 4 million people participated in coordinated climate strikes globally, making it one of the largest climate demonstrations in history and placing youth-led climate activism at the centre of international poli
Context: The Arab Spring began in late 2010 and spread rapidly across the Middle East and North Africa, driven by grievances including corruption , unemployment , repression , and inequality . It is a defining global politics case study because it shows how resistance movements challenge legitimacy , how states respond through repression or reform, and why outcomes diverged sharply across countries. The Arab Spring also demonstrates diffusion: protest tactics and narratives spread across borders through media and shared political identities. Global Political Challenge Topics: Identity: