Notes for Justice: Meanings, Theories, and Global Perspectives - IB | RevisionDojo
Justice: Meanings, Theories, and Global Perspectives Notes
What Is Justice?
Justice
Justice is a foundational concept in global politics, encompassing fairness, equality, and moral rightness.
It guides legal systems, political institutions, and international relations.
Note
Justice is not a one-size-fits-all concept.
It varies across cultures, legal systems, and political ideologies.
Key Dimensions of Justice
Social Justice
Focuses on equality in access to basic needs and services:
Education, healthcare, housing, safety, jobs.
Inequality in these areas = social injustice → may lead to conflict.
Example
Affordable housing initiatives in places like Vienna, Austria
Provide safe and accessible housing to people from different income levels.
Address social inequalities in living conditions, education access, and employment opportunities.
Political Justice
Relates to participation in power and fair treatment under law.
Authoritarian states (e.g. North Korea): low political justice.
Democracies: higher political justice through voting, fair trials.
Example
Voting rights in democratic societies
In countries like Germany or South Korea, all adult citizens have the right to vote and participate in government.
Contrasts with authoritarian regimes (e.g. North Korea), where citizens have little or no political say.
Ensures fair political representation and accountability.
Egalitarian Justice
Based on equal dignity, rights, and moral worth of all people.
Linked to thinkers like John Rawls.
Rejects sacrificing a few for the good of many (e.g. elitist education spending).
Example
Universal healthcare systems (e.g. in Sweden or Canada)
Ensure that all individuals, regardless of income, have equal access to medical treatment.
Reflects the egalitarian principle that everyone deserves equal rights, dignity, and opportunities.
Cosmopolitan Justice
Extends justice beyond borders, focuses on global responsibility.
Supports humanitarian intervention when:
A state is unjust/failing.
Other solutions have failed.
Example
Global refugee support and responsibility-sharing
Germany hosting over 2 million refugees (as of 2022), including Syrians and Ukrainians.
Financial contributions by the United States to refugee aid programs, despite hosting fewer refugees.
Emphasizes global moral responsibility, especially from wealthier or more stable nations.
Ecological Justice
Justice for all living beings, not just humans.
Promotes environmental action based on interconnected global responsibility.
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Questions
Recap questions
1 of 5
Question 1
Recap question
A policymaker argues that a law is just only if it maximizes overall happiness, even if it disadvantages a minority. Which theoretical perspective on justice does this view represent?
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Note
Introduction to Justice
Justice is a foundational concept in global politics, encompassing fairness, equality, and moral rightness.
It guides legal systems, political institutions, and international relations.
NoteJustice is not a one-size-fits-all concept. It varies across cultures, legal systems, and political ideologies.DefinitionJustice
The principle of fairness and moral rightness that guides laws, policies, and social interactions.
Analogy
Think of justice as a compass that helps societies navigate complex moral and ethical decisions.
