IB Geography Topic G.3.2 Traffic Congestion Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Geography Topic G.3.2 Traffic Congestion Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Patterns, Impacts, and Solutions for Urban Mobility

Patterns and Trends in Urban Mobility

1. Growth in Car Ownership

As cities expand, more people rely on private vehicles for transportation.
This surge in car ownership leads to traffic congestion, especially during peak hours.

Note

Tip

Car dependency is often driven by poor spatial planning allowing cities to expand and sprawl combined with inadequate public transit options, forcing people to choose private vehicles even when they prefer not to.

2. Inadequate Public Transit

Many cities struggle to provide efficient and reliable public transportation.
This becomes more difficult or even undoable, if cities expand to surrounding areas and people choose to live in the suburbs and beyond (on the urban-rural fringe and in sprawling neighborhoods).
This results in overcrowded buses and trains, long wait times, and limited coverage in suburban areas.

Example

Mexico City has expanded its metro system, but many neighborhoods remain underserved, pushing residents to rely on cars.

3. Commuting Delays and Higher Emissions

Traffic congestion leads to longer commutes, increasing fuel consumption, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
This not only affects the environment but also reduces productivity.

Note

The World Health Organization estimates that urban outdoor air pollution causes 4.2 million premature deaths annually.

Impacts of Urban Mobility Challenges

1. Economic Impacts

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Paywall

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Patterns, Impacts, and Solutions for Urban Mobility

Patterns and Trends in Urban Mobility

1. Growth in Car Ownership

As cities expand, more people rely on private vehicles for transportation.
This surge in car ownership leads to traffic congestion, especially during peak hours.

Note

Tip

2. Inadequate Public Transit

Many cities struggle to provide efficient and reliable public transportation.
This becomes more difficult or even undoable, if cities expand to surrounding areas and people choose to live in the suburbs and beyond (on the urban-rural fringe and in sprawling neighborhoods).
This results in overcrowded buses and trains, long wait times, and limited coverage in suburban areas.

Example

Mexico City has expanded its metro system, but many neighborhoods remain underserved, pushing residents to rely on cars.

3. Commuting Delays and Higher Emissions

Traffic congestion leads to longer commutes, increasing fuel consumption, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
This not only affects the environment but also reduces productivity.

Note

The World Health Organization estimates that urban outdoor air pollution causes 4.2 million premature deaths annually.

Impacts of Urban Mobility Challenges

1. Economic Impacts

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography G.3.2 Traffic Congestion Notes

Patterns, Impacts, and Solutions for Urban Mobility

Patterns and Trends in Urban Mobility

1. Growth in Car Ownership

2. Inadequate Public Transit

3. Commuting Delays and Higher Emissions

Impacts of Urban Mobility Challenges

1. Economic Impacts

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Patterns, Impacts, and Solutions for Urban Mobility

Patterns and Trends in Urban Mobility

1. Growth in Car Ownership

2. Inadequate Public Transit

3. Commuting Delays and Higher Emissions

Impacts of Urban Mobility Challenges

1. Economic Impacts

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics