The Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE)
The Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) describes the phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than their rural surroundings due to human activities and the characteristics of built environment.
Think of a city as a sponge soaking up heat during the day and slowly releasing it at night, while rural areas act more like a mirror, reflecting sunlight and staying cooler.
During a heatwave in Paris in 2003, the UHIE contributed to temperatures over 40°C, resulting in thousands of heat-related deaths.
Students often misinterpret the urban heat island effect (UHIE) as an absolute temperature increase in cities, rather than as a relative measure highlighting the temperature difference between urban areas and their surroundings. This effect is especially pronounced in temperate climates with nearby forests that cool the temperature, while in desert environments, the UHIE tends to be less noticeable due to already high baseline temperatures and minimal surrounding vegetation.
Note
PM10 refers to particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers. These particles are a mixture of solids and liquids, including dust, dirt, soot, pollen, and smoke.
PM10 can be inhaled, reaching the lungs and potentially leading to respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and other health issues.
Common sources of PM10 include incomplete process of combustion in coal-based power plants, vehicle emissions, construction activities, and natural phenomena like wildfires and wind lifting dust.
PM2.5 refers to particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers, which can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream. PM2.5 is more dangerous for human health than PM10.
Suspended particles of different sizes are most common component of air pollution in cities worldwide.
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