Notes for G.1.3 Residential Patterns - IB | RevisionDojo
G.1.3 Residential Patterns Notes
Influences Shaping Housing Distribution
Physical Factors
Natural Features: Rivers, hills, and floodplains significantly impact where and how housing is developed.
Rivers
Historically, rivers have attracted settlements due to water availability and transportation.
However, areas near rivers may face flooding risks, influencing housing quality and density.
Example
Wealthy residential areas may develop along scenic riverbanks with nice views and flood defenses (e.g. Powiśle in Warsaw, Poland), while poorer communities might settle in vulnerable area prone to flooding (e.g. in Dhaka, Bangladesh).
Wealthy residential and urban renewal area in Powiśle, Warsaw, Poland
Hills and Elevations
Elevated areas often offer better views and cooler climates, making them desirable for affluent residents.
In contrast, in many low-income countries (LICs), steep hillsides are occupied by informal settlements due to limited flat land.
Example
Contrasting examples include wealthy neighborhoods like Pacific Palisades in Los Angeles, USA and poor informal settlements (favelas) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Favelas on slopes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Floodplains
These areas are prone to flooding but may be densely populated due to proximity to urban centers, lack of other parcels to be developed or uncontrolled migrations and growth of informal settlements.
Example
Wealthierresidents can afford flood protection, while poorer communities face higher risks, especially in slums spontaneously developed in flood-prone areas, like in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh in flood-prone areas
Ethnicity and Culture
Ethnic Enclaves: These are neighbourhoods where specific ethnic or cultural groups cluster, often due to migration patterns, socialcohesion, or economic necessity.
Positive Segregation: Ethnic groups may choose to live together to support cultural institutions (e.g., shops, places of worship) and maintain social networks.
Negative Segregation: Some groups may be excluded from certain areas due to discrimination or economic barriers.
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Question 1
Recap question
Let P(x) represent the average property price at distance x from the Central Business District (CBD). Typically, P′(x)<0. If a new high-speed transit line reduces effective commuting costs, how does this affect the price gradient P′(x)?
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What role does topography play in residential patterns?
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Note
Residential patterns represent the way housing is distributed across urban areas. These patterns shape our cities and reflect complex interactions between various factors.
Residential patterns can be observed through aerial views, maps, and demographic data
Different cities show distinct patterns based on their unique characteristics
DefinitionResidential Patterns
The spatial distribution of housing and living spaces within an urban area, influenced by various social, economic, and physical factors.
Example
In Paris, the historic center contains expensive apartments in old buildings, while the suburbs show a mix of high-rise apartments and single-family homes.
Analogy
Think of residential patterns like a giant puzzle where each piece (housing type) finds its place based on multiple factors working together.
