IB Geography Topic B.2.3 Advancing and Retreating Coastlines Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Geography Topic B.2.3 Advancing and Retreating Coastlines Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Coastal Changes Driven by Sea Level Variations

Sea level variations, caused by both global and local processes, are powerful forces that reshape coastal landscapes.
These changes influence the position of coastlines, form unique landforms, and provide valuable records of Earth's dynamic history.

Understanding Sea Level Changes: Eustatic vs. Isostatic Processes

Sea level changes occur due to two primary mechanisms:
1. Eustatic changes, which are global,
2. Isostatic changes, which are local.
These processes interact to influence the relative position of land and sea, but they operate through distinct mechanisms.

Note

Fjords: Narrow, lengthened and steep marine gulf, which results from the invasion by the sea of a U-shaped valley dug by a glacier.
Ria: Formed by the inundation of river valleys by seawater.

Eustatic Processes: Global Sea Level Changes

Definition

Eustatic changes

Eustatic changes refer to worldwide shifts in sea level caused by changes in the volume of water in the oceans or alterations in the size of the ocean basins.

Ice Melt and Glacial Cycles. During glacial periods, vast amounts of water are locked up in ice sheets, causing global sea levels to fall.
Thermal Expansion: Warmer temperatures also cause seawater to expand, increasing its volume. This process, known as thermal expansion, is a significant contributor to modern sea level rise linked to global warming.

Isostatic Processes: Local Land-Level Changes

Definition

Isostatic changes

Isostatic changes involve vertical movements of the Earth's crust relative to the sea.

These movements are often caused by the addition or removal of weight on the land.
Glacial Rebound: During glacial periods, the immense weight of ice sheets compresses the Earth's crust, causing it to sink.
When the ice melts, this pressure is relieved, and the land begins to rise in a process known as isostatic rebound.

Example

Parts of Scandinavia and Canada are still rising at rates of up to 20 mm per year due to the melting of glaciers that covered the regions thousands of years ago (in Pleistocene).

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Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Note

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Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Coastal Changes Driven by Sea Level Variations

Sea level variations, caused by both global and local processes, are powerful forces that reshape coastal landscapes.
These changes influence the position of coastlines, form unique landforms, and provide valuable records of Earth's dynamic history.

Understanding Sea Level Changes: Eustatic vs. Isostatic Processes

Sea level changes occur due to two primary mechanisms:
1. Eustatic changes, which are global,
2. Isostatic changes, which are local.
These processes interact to influence the relative position of land and sea, but they operate through distinct mechanisms.

Note

Fjords: Narrow, lengthened and steep marine gulf, which results from the invasion by the sea of a U-shaped valley dug by a glacier.
Ria: Formed by the inundation of river valleys by seawater.

Eustatic Processes: Global Sea Level Changes

Definition

Eustatic changes

Eustatic changes refer to worldwide shifts in sea level caused by changes in the volume of water in the oceans or alterations in the size of the ocean basins.

Ice Melt and Glacial Cycles. During glacial periods, vast amounts of water are locked up in ice sheets, causing global sea levels to fall.
Thermal Expansion: Warmer temperatures also cause seawater to expand, increasing its volume. This process, known as thermal expansion, is a significant contributor to modern sea level rise linked to global warming.

Isostatic Processes: Local Land-Level Changes

Definition

Isostatic changes

Isostatic changes involve vertical movements of the Earth's crust relative to the sea.

These movements are often caused by the addition or removal of weight on the land.
Glacial Rebound: During glacial periods, the immense weight of ice sheets compresses the Earth's crust, causing it to sink.
When the ice melts, this pressure is relieved, and the land begins to rise in a process known as isostatic rebound.

Example

Parts of Scandinavia and Canada are still rising at rates of up to 20 mm per year due to the melting of glaciers that covered the regions thousands of years ago (in Pleistocene).

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography B.2.3 Advancing and Retreating Coastlines Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Coastal Changes Driven by Sea Level Variations

Understanding Sea Level Changes: Eustatic vs. Isostatic Processes

Eustatic Processes: Global Sea Level Changes

Isostatic Processes: Local Land-Level Changes

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Coastal Changes Driven by Sea Level Variations

Understanding Sea Level Changes: Eustatic vs. Isostatic Processes

Eustatic Processes: Global Sea Level Changes

Isostatic Processes: Local Land-Level Changes

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account