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Deforestation
Clearing forests for agriculture or urban development removes tree roots that stabilize the soil, increasing erosion and nutrient loss, as well as decreasing water retention capacity.
Drought
A drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall relative to the multi-annual average for a specific region, resulting in a significant water shortage. It can lead to a depletion of soil moisture, reduced water supply in rivers and reservoirs, and adverse impacts on agriculture, ecosystems, and human activities.
Migration
Migration is the movement of people from place of origin to place of destination that involves changing place of residence.
Migration can be domestic or international, voluntary or forced, legal or illegal, permanent or temporary.
Other forms of spatial mobility include commuting (regular travel of individuals between their home and place of work or study) and tourism (traveling to places different from one's usual environment for leisure and recreation).