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1 Changing Population
1.1 Population and Economic Development Patterns
1.2 Changing Populations and Places
1.3 Population Challenges and Opportunities
2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience
2.1 Causes of Global Climate Change
2.2 Consequences of Global Climate Change
2.3 Responding to Global Climate Change
3 Global Resource Consumption and Security
3.1 Global Trends in Consumption
3.2 Impacts of Changing Trends in Resource Consumption
3.3 Resource Stewardship
4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)
4.1 Global Interactions and Global Power
4.2 Global Networks and Flows
4.3 Human and Physical Influences on Global Interactions
5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)
5.1 Development Opportunities
5.2 Changing Identities and Cultures
5.3 Local Responses to Global Interactions
6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)
6.1 Geopolitical and Economic Risks
6.2 Environmental Risks
6.3 Local and Global Resilience
Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins
A.1 Drainage Basin Hydrology and Geomorphology
A.2 Flooding and Flood Mitigation
A.3 Water scarcity and water quality
A.4 Water Management Futures
A.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities
Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins
B.1 Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
B.2 Interactions Between Oceans and Coastal Places
B.3 Managing Coastal Margins
B.4 Ocean Management Futures
B.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities
Option C Extreme Environments
C.1 The Characteristics of Extreme Environments
C.2 Physical Processes and Landscapes
C.3 Managing Extreme Environments
C.4 Extreme Environments Futures
C.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities
Option D Geophysical Hazards
D.1 Geophysical Systems
D.2 Geophysical Hazard Risks
D.3 Hazard Risk and Vulnerability
D.4 Future Resilience and Adaptation
D.5 Synthesis, Evaluation, and Skills Opportunities
Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport
E.1 Changing Leisure Patterns
E.2 Tourism and Sport at the Local and National Scale
E.3 Tourism and Sport at the International Scale
E.4 Managing Tourism and Sport for the Future
E.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities
Option F The Geography of Food and Health
F.1 Measuring Food and Health
F.2 Food Systems and Spread of Diseases
F.3 Stakeholders in Food and Health
F.4 Future Health and Food Security and Sustainability
F.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities
Option G Urban Environments
G.1 The Variety of Urban Environments
G.2 Changing Urban Systems
G.3 Urban Environmental and Social Stresses
G.4 Building Sustainable Urban Systems for the Future
G.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities
River Discharge
River discharge is the volume of water passing a specific point in a river per unit of time, usually measured in cubic meters per second (cumecs).