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1.1 Population and Economic Development Patterns

1.2 Changing Populations and Places

1.3 Population Challenges and Opportunities

2.1 Causes of Global Climate Change

2.2 Consequences of Global Climate Change

2.3 Responding to Global Climate Change

3.1 Global Trends in Consumption

3.2 Impacts of Changing Trends in Resource Consumption

3.3 Resource Stewardship

4.1 Global Interactions and Global Power

4.2 Global Networks and Flows

4.3 Human and Physical Influences on Global Interactions

5.1 Development Opportunities

5.2 Changing Identities and Cultures

5.3 Local Responses to Global Interactions

6.1 Geopolitical and Economic Risks

6.2 Environmental Risks

6.3 Local and Global Resilience

A.1 Drainage Basin Hydrology and Geomorphology

A.2 Flooding and Flood Mitigation

A.3 Water scarcity and water quality

A.4 Water Management Futures

A.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities

B.1 Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions

B.2 Interactions Between Oceans and Coastal Places

B.3 Managing Coastal Margins

B.4 Ocean Management Futures

B.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities

C.1 The Characteristics of Extreme Environments

C.2 Physical Processes and Landscapes

C.3 Managing Extreme Environments

C.4 Extreme Environments Futures

C.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities

D.1 Geophysical Systems

D.2 Geophysical Hazard Risks

D.3 Hazard Risk and Vulnerability

D.4 Future Resilience and Adaptation

D.5 Synthesis, Evaluation, and Skills Opportunities

E.1 Changing Leisure Patterns

E.2 Tourism and Sport at the Local and National Scale

E.3 Tourism and Sport at the International Scale

E.4 Managing Tourism and Sport for the Future

E.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities

F.1 Measuring Food and Health

F.2 Food Systems and Spread of Diseases

F.3 Stakeholders in Food and Health

F.4 Future Health and Food Security and Sustainability

F.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities

G.1 The Variety of Urban Environments

G.2 Changing Urban Systems

G.3 Urban Environmental and Social Stresses

G.4 Building Sustainable Urban Systems for the Future

G.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and Skills Opportunities

IB Geography 3.1.1 Poverty Reduction and the New Global Middle Class Key Definitions

Definition

Absolute poverty

Absolute poverty is a lack of income or consumption needed to meet a fixed minimum standard of basic needs.

Definition

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is a measure developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) to assess poverty beyond income-based measures.

Definition

New global middle class

The new global middle class is the growing group, especially in emerging economies, whose income is above poverty levels and supports discretionary consumption.

Definition

Relative poverty

Relative poverty is income or consumption below a set proportion of the typical level in a particular society.

IB Geography 3.1.1 Poverty Reduction and the New Global Middle Class Key Definitions

Definition

Absolute poverty

Absolute poverty is a lack of income or consumption needed to meet a fixed minimum standard of basic needs.

Definition

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is a measure developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) to assess poverty beyond income-based measures.

Definition

New global middle class

The new global middle class is the growing group, especially in emerging economies, whose income is above poverty levels and supports discretionary consumption.

Definition

Relative poverty

Relative poverty is income or consumption below a set proportion of the typical level in a particular society.