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Below replacement
Below replacement level fertility rate refers to a situation where the average number of children born per woman is less than 2.1, which is the number needed to replace the existing population without considering mortality rates.
Child Mortality Rate (CMR)
Number of deaths of children under 5 years per 1,000 live births.
Dependency ratio
The dependency ratio measures the proportion of dependents (people aged below 15 and above 65) to the working-age (economically active) population (15–64).
Older dependency ratio measures the proportion of old dependents (people aged above 65) to the working-age (economically active) population (15–64).
Population momentum
Population momentum refers to the continued population growth despite falling fertility rates below replacement rate (2.1).
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her reproductive years (ages 15–49), also called childbearing age.
The TFR of 2.1 is called a replacement rate - rate that allows to maintain the same population size over time.