IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 7.3B Waste Disposal and Management Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 7.3B Waste Disposal and Management Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

The Waste Hierarchy: Prevent First, Dispose Last

Waste management follows a hierarchy: the best options stop waste being made, and the worst simply bury or burn it.
In order of preference: reduce, reuse, recycle, recover energy, and only then dispose in landfill.
This splits into two approaches: preventative strategies that stop waste at the source, and restorative strategies that clean up damage already done.
Prevention is more sustainable because cleaning up is costly, incomplete and only ever reactive.

Exam technique

Always argue that prevention beats restoration: it is cheaper and tackles the root cause.
Restoration is still needed, but treat it as a last resort, not a solution.

Preventative Strategies: Stopping Waste at the Source

Reduce consumption
1. Buying less and choosing durable, low-packaging goods cuts waste before it exists (minimalism, zero-waste living).
Design out waste
1. Eco-design makes products recyclable, repairable or biodegradable from the start.
Producer responsibility
1. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) makes manufacturers pay for their products' end-of-life, which pushes better design.
Education and awareness
1. Campaigns shift behaviour, from cutting single-use plastic to composting at home.

Example

Under EPR laws, companies fund the collection and recycling of their own packaging.

Restorative Strategies: Cleaning Up After the Damage

Clean-up of pollution
1. Removing waste already released, such as ocean-plastic collection or oil-spill skimming.
Ecosystem restoration
1. Rebuilding damaged habitats through reforestation or wetland rehabilitation.
Pollutant removal
1. Bioremediation uses plants or microbes to draw pollutants out of soil and water.

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IB Environmental systems and societies 7.3B Waste Disposal and Management Notes

IB Environmental systems and societies 7.3B Waste Disposal and Management Notes

The Waste Hierarchy: Prevent First, Dispose Last

Preventative Strategies: Stopping Waste at the Source

Restorative Strategies: Cleaning Up After the Damage

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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The Waste Hierarchy: Prevent First, Dispose Last

Preventative Strategies: Stopping Waste at the Source

Restorative Strategies: Cleaning Up After the Damage

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

IB Environmental systems and societies 7.3B Waste Disposal and Management Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

IB Environmental systems and societies 7.3B Waste Disposal and Management Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

The Waste Hierarchy: Prevent First, Dispose Last

Preventative Strategies: Stopping Waste at the Source

Restorative Strategies: Cleaning Up After the Damage

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

The Waste Hierarchy: Prevent First, Dispose Last

Preventative Strategies: Stopping Waste at the Source

Restorative Strategies: Cleaning Up After the Damage

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account