IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 7.3A Solid Domestic Waste Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 7.3A Solid Domestic Waste Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Classifying Waste: By Source and By Type

All human activity produces waste, the unwanted material left over when resources are used and discarded.
Waste is grouped two ways: by source (where it comes from) and by type (what it is made of).
Domestic waste
1. Comes from homes: food scraps, packaging, plastics, textiles and e-waste.
2. A mix of biodegradable (food, paper) and non-biodegradable (plastic, metal) material.
Industrial waste
1. Comes from factories, construction and manufacturing.
2. Often hazardous: chemicals and heavy metals that are hard to dispose of safely.
Agricultural waste
1. Comes from farming and livestock: crop residues, manure and pesticides.
2. Runs off into soil and water when poorly managed.

Example

Households: the average American throws away about 2 kg of waste a day, much of it packaging and food.
Agriculture: fertiliser runoff drives the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico.

High-Concern Waste Types: E-Waste, Food and Biohazards

E-waste
1. Discarded phones, laptops and appliances holding toxic metals (lead, mercury, cadmium) and valuable ones (gold, palladium).
2. The fastest-growing waste stream; poor handling poisons workers and soil.
Food waste
1. Around a third of all food produced, roughly 1.3 billion tonnes a year, is wasted while millions go hungry.
2. In landfill it rots without oxygen and releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
Biohazardous waste
1. Infectious material from hospitals and labs: used syringes and contaminated PPE.
2. Must be separated and sterilised or it spreads disease.

Example

COVID-19 caused a surge in medical waste, with discarded masks washing up on beaches worldwide.

Solid Domestic Waste: What Households Throw Away

Definition

Solid domestic waste

Solid Domestic Waste (SDW) refers to non-liquid waste generated from households and residential areas.

Solid domestic waste, also called municipal solid waste (MSW), is the everyday waste collected from homes.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Classifying Waste: By Source and By Type

All human activity produces waste, the unwanted material left over when resources are used and discarded.
Waste is grouped two ways: by source (where it comes from) and by type (what it is made of).
Domestic waste
1. Comes from homes: food scraps, packaging, plastics, textiles and e-waste.
2. A mix of biodegradable (food, paper) and non-biodegradable (plastic, metal) material.
Industrial waste
1. Comes from factories, construction and manufacturing.
2. Often hazardous: chemicals and heavy metals that are hard to dispose of safely.
Agricultural waste
1. Comes from farming and livestock: crop residues, manure and pesticides.
2. Runs off into soil and water when poorly managed.

Example

Households: the average American throws away about 2 kg of waste a day, much of it packaging and food.
Agriculture: fertiliser runoff drives the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico.

High-Concern Waste Types: E-Waste, Food and Biohazards

E-waste
1. Discarded phones, laptops and appliances holding toxic metals (lead, mercury, cadmium) and valuable ones (gold, palladium).
2. The fastest-growing waste stream; poor handling poisons workers and soil.
Food waste
1. Around a third of all food produced, roughly 1.3 billion tonnes a year, is wasted while millions go hungry.
2. In landfill it rots without oxygen and releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
Biohazardous waste
1. Infectious material from hospitals and labs: used syringes and contaminated PPE.
2. Must be separated and sterilised or it spreads disease.

Example

COVID-19 caused a surge in medical waste, with discarded masks washing up on beaches worldwide.

Solid Domestic Waste: What Households Throw Away

Definition

Solid domestic waste

Solid Domestic Waste (SDW) refers to non-liquid waste generated from households and residential areas.

Solid domestic waste, also called municipal solid waste (MSW), is the everyday waste collected from homes.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

IB Environmental systems and societies 7.3A Solid Domestic Waste Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

Classifying Waste: By Source and By Type

High-Concern Waste Types: E-Waste, Food and Biohazards

Solid Domestic Waste: What Households Throw Away

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Classifying Waste: By Source and By Type

High-Concern Waste Types: E-Waste, Food and Biohazards

Solid Domestic Waste: What Households Throw Away

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account