IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 4.2C Water Scarcity Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 4.2C Water Scarcity Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Definition

Water scarcity

Water scarcity refers to the limited availability of water to meet the needs of human societies.

Water scarcity means demand for freshwater outstrips what is available

Water scarcity occurs when the demand for freshwater exceeds its availability within a region over a specific period.
It affects both developed and developing nations, but the causes and severity differ.
Water scarcity can be seasonal, linked to dry seasons or droughts, or permanent, due to climate or geographic limitations.
Globally, over 1.2 billion people live in areas of chronic water scarcity.
Around 450 million people in low-income countries suffer severe shortages.
The problem is expected to worsen with climate change, population growth, and industrial expansion.

Scarcity comes in two forms: too little water, or no access to it

Physical water scarcity

It occurs when natural water resources are insufficient to meet demand.
It is common in arid or semi-arid regions with low rainfall, high evaporation, and limited groundwater.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Definition

Water scarcity

Water scarcity refers to the limited availability of water to meet the needs of human societies.

Water scarcity means demand for freshwater outstrips what is available

Water scarcity occurs when the demand for freshwater exceeds its availability within a region over a specific period.
It affects both developed and developing nations, but the causes and severity differ.
Water scarcity can be seasonal, linked to dry seasons or droughts, or permanent, due to climate or geographic limitations.
Globally, over 1.2 billion people live in areas of chronic water scarcity.
Around 450 million people in low-income countries suffer severe shortages.
The problem is expected to worsen with climate change, population growth, and industrial expansion.

Scarcity comes in two forms: too little water, or no access to it

Physical water scarcity

It occurs when natural water resources are insufficient to meet demand.
It is common in arid or semi-arid regions with low rainfall, high evaporation, and limited groundwater.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

IB Environmental systems and societies 4.2C Water Scarcity Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

Water scarcity means demand for freshwater outstrips what is available

Scarcity comes in two forms: too little water, or no access to it

Physical water scarcity

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Water scarcity means demand for freshwater outstrips what is available

Scarcity comes in two forms: too little water, or no access to it

Physical water scarcity

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account