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Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the conversion of stored chemical energy in glucose into a usable chemical form that fuels metabolic processes in living cells.
Nutrient cycling
Nutrient cycling is the movement of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon through the soil, plants, and atmosphere.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which can later be stored as biomass or used as fuel by autotrophs.
Producers
Producers, also known as autotrophs, are organisms that can produce their own food using photosynthesis (or chemosynthesis in some cases).