IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 1.3E Environmental Justice and Inequality Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 1.3E Environmental Justice and Inequality Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Environmental justice means the fair sharing of environmental benefits and burdens, and those least responsible are often the most vulnerable

Definition

Environmental justice

Environmental justice is the principle that all people, regardless of race, gender, socioeconomic status, or nationality, have the right to live in a clean, healthy environment and have fair access to natural resources.

Environmental justice is the fair distribution of environmental benefits like clean air and water and burdens like pollution and waste.
It also requires fair participation in the decisions that shape those benefits and burdens.
Access should not depend on race, income, gender, Indigenous identity, or political power.
This idea of differentiated responsibility and vulnerability explains why the least responsible groups often suffer the most.

Note

Environmental justice is also called distributive justice, meaning risks and benefits are shared equally.

Why environmental injustice happens

Marginalised communities usually hold less political and economic power, so hazards are placed where resistance is weakest.
Wealthy groups can shift environmental burdens onto poorer or less influential people.
Harms are then externalised onto communities that did least to cause them.
Common mechanisms are siting hazardous facilities in poor areas, extracting resources on Indigenous land, and exporting waste abroad.

Exam technique

When explaining environmental injustice, always state who is harmed, how they are affected, and why they lack protection.

Key case studies of environmental injustice

Warren County, USA (1982): local scale

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Environmental justice means the fair sharing of environmental benefits and burdens, and those least responsible are often the most vulnerable

Definition

Environmental justice

Environmental justice is the fair distribution of environmental benefits like clean air and water and burdens like pollution and waste.
It also requires fair participation in the decisions that shape those benefits and burdens.
Access should not depend on race, income, gender, Indigenous identity, or political power.
This idea of differentiated responsibility and vulnerability explains why the least responsible groups often suffer the most.

Note

Environmental justice is also called distributive justice, meaning risks and benefits are shared equally.

Why environmental injustice happens

Marginalised communities usually hold less political and economic power, so hazards are placed where resistance is weakest.
Wealthy groups can shift environmental burdens onto poorer or less influential people.
Harms are then externalised onto communities that did least to cause them.
Common mechanisms are siting hazardous facilities in poor areas, extracting resources on Indigenous land, and exporting waste abroad.

Exam technique

When explaining environmental injustice, always state who is harmed, how they are affected, and why they lack protection.

Key case studies of environmental injustice

Warren County, USA (1982): local scale

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

IB Environmental systems and societies 1.3E Environmental Justice and Inequality Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

Environmental justice means the fair sharing of environmental benefits and burdens, and those least responsible are often the most vulnerable

Why environmental injustice happens

Key case studies of environmental injustice

Warren County, USA (1982): local scale

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Environmental justice means the fair sharing of environmental benefits and burdens, and those least responsible are often the most vulnerable

Why environmental injustice happens

Key case studies of environmental injustice

Warren County, USA (1982): local scale

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account