IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 1.3D Common Indicators of Economic Development Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 1.3D Common Indicators of Economic Development Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

GDP measures economic output, not sustainability or wellbeing

Most countries measure development mainly by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the market value of goods and services produced.
GDP ignores the depletion of natural capital and the environmental cost of that output.
Treating GDP as a measure of progress can drive unsustainable development when growth degrades the ecosystems societies depend on.

What GDP is and why it appeals

Definition

GDP

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a common indicator of economic development that measures the monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country over a specific period.

GDP gives a single quantifiable figure for a nation's economic activity.
Higher GDP is often linked to higher average incomes and living standards.

Note

Real GDP: GDP adjusted for inflation.
GDP per capita: real GDP divided by population, used as an average income indicator.

Why GDP is a poor measure of sustainability and wellbeing

Environmental costs: pollution, deforestation, soil loss, and carbon emissions are not deducted.
Natural capital: the depletion of resources and ecosystem services (water purification, flood control, climate regulation) is invisible to GDP.
Income distribution: GDP averages hide inequality in how wealth is shared.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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GDP measures economic output, not sustainability or wellbeing

Most countries measure development mainly by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the market value of goods and services produced.
GDP ignores the depletion of natural capital and the environmental cost of that output.
Treating GDP as a measure of progress can drive unsustainable development when growth degrades the ecosystems societies depend on.

What GDP is and why it appeals

Definition

GDP

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a common indicator of economic development that measures the monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country over a specific period.

GDP gives a single quantifiable figure for a nation's economic activity.
Higher GDP is often linked to higher average incomes and living standards.

Note

Real GDP: GDP adjusted for inflation.
GDP per capita: real GDP divided by population, used as an average income indicator.

Why GDP is a poor measure of sustainability and wellbeing

Environmental costs: pollution, deforestation, soil loss, and carbon emissions are not deducted.
Natural capital: the depletion of resources and ecosystem services (water purification, flood control, climate regulation) is invisible to GDP.
Income distribution: GDP averages hide inequality in how wealth is shared.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

IB Environmental systems and societies 1.3D Common Indicators of Economic Development Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

GDP measures economic output, not sustainability or wellbeing

What GDP is and why it appeals

Why GDP is a poor measure of sustainability and wellbeing

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

GDP measures economic output, not sustainability or wellbeing

What GDP is and why it appeals

Why GDP is a poor measure of sustainability and wellbeing

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account