IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 1.2E Emergent Properties Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 1.2E Emergent Properties Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Definition

Emergent properties

Emergent properties are characteristics or behaviors that arise when individual components interact but are not present in the components themselves.

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Emergent properties are new outcomes that arise from interactions among the parts of a system.
1. Individual elements may behave predictably, yet their interactions produce behaviour no single part shows alone.
They cannot be predicted from the parts in isolation.
They occur at every level of organization, from molecules to ecosystems to global climate systems.

Analogy

A single ant cannot build a colony, but thousands acting together nest, farm, and defend.
That organized behaviour is an emergent property of the colony, not of any one ant.

Key characteristics define an emergent property

Unpredictable from components alone: outcomes cannot be deduced by analysing isolated parts.
Result of interactions: they arise from relationships among biotic and abiotic elements.
System-level behaviour: they are observable only at a larger scale, such as population or ecosystem.
Dynamic: they can change over time as conditions or feedback shift.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Definition

Emergent properties

Emergent properties are characteristics or behaviors that arise when individual components interact but are not present in the components themselves.

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Emergent properties are new outcomes that arise from interactions among the parts of a system.
1. Individual elements may behave predictably, yet their interactions produce behaviour no single part shows alone.
They cannot be predicted from the parts in isolation.
They occur at every level of organization, from molecules to ecosystems to global climate systems.

Analogy

A single ant cannot build a colony, but thousands acting together nest, farm, and defend.
That organized behaviour is an emergent property of the colony, not of any one ant.

Key characteristics define an emergent property

Unpredictable from components alone: outcomes cannot be deduced by analysing isolated parts.
Result of interactions: they arise from relationships among biotic and abiotic elements.
System-level behaviour: they are observable only at a larger scale, such as population or ecosystem.
Dynamic: they can change over time as conditions or feedback shift.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

IB Environmental systems and societies 1.2E Emergent Properties Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Key characteristics define an emergent property

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Key characteristics define an emergent property

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account