IB English Literature Paper 1 Exemplar
Text: Extract from Moon Tiger by Penelope Lively
Case studyShe climbs a little higher, on to another sliding shelving plateau of the cliff, and squats searching furiously the blue grey fragments of rock around her, hunting for those enticing curls and ribbed whorls, pouncing once with a hiss of triumph, an ammonite, almost whole. The beach, now, is quite far below, its shrill cries, its barkings, its calls are clear and loud but from another world, of no account.
And all the time out of the corner of her eye she watches Gordon, who is higher yet, tap-tapping at an outcrop. He ceases to tap, she can see him examining something. What has he got? Suspicion and rivalry burn her up. She scrambles through little bushy plants, hauls herself over a ledge.
‘This is my bit,’ cries Gordon. ‘You can’t come here. I’ve bagged it.’
‘I don’t care,’ yells Claudia. ‘Anyway I’m going up higher, it’s much better further up.’
And she hurls herself upwards over skinny plants and dry stony soil that cascades away downwards under her feet, up and towards a wonderfully promising enticing grey expanse she has spotted where surely Asteroceras is lurking by the hundred.
Below, on the beach, unnoticed, figures scurry to and fro, faint bird-like cries of alarm waft up.
She must pass Gordon to reach that alluring upper shelf. ‘Mind...’ she says. ‘Move your leg...’
‘Don’t shove,’ he grumbles. ‘Anyway you can’t come here. I said this is my bit, you find your own.’
‘Don’t shove yourself. I don’t want your stupid bit...’
His leg is in her way, it thrashes, she thrusts, and a piece of cliff, of the solid world which evidently is not so solid after all, shifts under her clutching hands... crumbles... and she is falling thwack backwards on her shoulders, her head, her outflung arm, she is skidding rolling thumping downwards. And comes to rest gasping in a thorn bush, hammered by pain, too affronted even to yell.
He can feel her getting closer, encroaching, she is coming here on to his bit, she will take all the best fossils. He protests. He sticks out a foot to impede. Her hot infuriating limbs are mixed up with his.
‘You’re pushing me,’ she shrieks.
‘I’m not,’ he snarls. ‘It’s you that’s shoving. Anyway this is my place so go somewhere else.’
‘It’s not your stupid place,’ she says. ‘It’s anyone’s place. Anyway I don’t...’
And suddenly there are awful tearing noises and thumps and she is gone, sliding and hurtling down, and in horror and satisfaction he stares.
‘He pushed me.’
‘I didn’t. Honestly mother, I didn’t. She slipped.’
‘He pushed me.’
And even amid the commotion, the clucking mothers and nurses, the improvised sling, the proffered smelling salts, Edith Hampton can marvel at the furious tenacity of her children.
‘Don’t argue. Keep still, Claudia.’
‘Those are my ammonites. Don’t let him get them, mother.’
‘I don’t want your ammonites.’
‘Gordon, be quiet!’
Her head aches, she tries to quell the children and respond to advice and sympathy. She blames the perilous world, so unreliable, so malevolent. And the intransigence of her offspring whose emotions seem the loudest on the beach.
Guiding Question:
How does the use of varying narrative perspectives shape meaning in the passage?
Essay Plan
Introduction
- Context: Moon Tiger is a novel by British author Penelope Lively. This passage recounts a childhood memory involving a fossil-hunting expedition that leads to a dramatic fall.
- Text Type: Prose fiction (novel extract)
- Purpose of the Text: To explore the nature of memory, perception, and emotional experience through a childhood accident viewed from multiple characters’ perspectives.
- Thesis: The use of varying narrative viewpoints shapes meaning by showing how different characters perceive the same event differently, deepening themes of rivalry, perception, and generational distance.
- Roadmap: The essay will examine Claudia’s internal focus, Gordon’s emotional contradictions, and Edith’s distant reflection.
Body Paragraph 1: Claudia’s Perspective
- Point: Claudia’s viewpoint reveals her obsessive mindset and emotional disconnection from the external world.
- Evidence:
- “searching furiously the blue grey fragments of rock”
- “enticing curls and ribbed whorls”
- beach is “from another world, of no account”
- Explanation:
- The verb “furiously” emphasizes her emotional drive and competitiveness.
- Fossil imagery represents desire and fixation.
- Dismissal of the beach sounds signals her isolation from reality.
- Link:
- Claudia’s limited perception builds tension and foreshadows the fall, reflecting how obsession narrows one’s world.
Body Paragraph 2: Gordon’s Perspective
- Point: Gordon’s narration intensifies the conflict and exposes emotional ambiguity through violent language.
- Evidence:
- “he can feel her getting closer, encroaching”
- “thrashes,” “thrusts,” “snarls”
- watches her fall with “horror and satisfaction”
- Explanation:


