Themes in Hamlet
Let's dive into the rich tapestry of themes that Shakespeare weaves throughout "Hamlet." These themes not only drive the plot but also provide deep insights into human nature, morality, and the complexities of the human psyche.
Revenge
Revenge is the central theme that propels the entire plot of "Hamlet." The ghost of Hamlet's father sets the stage by demanding vengeance for his murder.
"If thou didst ever thy dear father love... Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder."Note
Hamlet's quest for revenge is not straightforward. It's complicated by his introspective nature, leading to delays and internal conflicts that form the crux of the play's dramatic tension.
Shakespeare explores the destructive nature of revenge through:
- Hamlet's psychological turmoil
- The cycle of violence that engulfs other characters
- The ultimate tragedy that befalls nearly everyone involved
Appearance vs. Reality
The theme of appearance versus reality is pervasive throughout "Hamlet," highlighting the deceptive nature of the world and the characters within it.
"One may smile, and smile, and be a villain."
This theme manifests in various ways:
- Claudius' outward appearance as a capable king vs. his true nature as a murderer
- The "play within a play" used to "catch the conscience of the king"
- Hamlet's feigned madness (or is it real?)
Many readers assume Hamlet's madness is entirely an act. However, the line between his feigned and genuine mental state is deliberately blurred, adding to the theme's complexity.
Corruption and Decay
Shakespeare uses imagery of disease, rot, and decay to symbolize the moral corruption in Denmark.
"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark."
This theme is explored through:
- The metaphorical illness of the body politic
- Hamlet's disgust with the world and human nature
- The literal decay of Yorick's skull in the graveyard scene
