Saint Joan: A Comprehensive Study Guide
Historical Context and Background
George Bernard Shaw's "Saint Joan" is a powerful historical drama that brings to life the story of Joan of Arc, the French peasant girl who led armies, inspired a nation, and was ultimately burned at the stake as a heretic. To fully appreciate this play, it's crucial to understand its historical backdrop.
Note
The play is set in the 15th century during the Hundred Years' War between England and France. Joan of Arc, also known as the Maid of Orleans, played a pivotal role in turning the tide of this conflict in favor of France.
Shaw's portrayal of Joan is not just a historical retelling but a commentary on themes that resonate even in modern times:
- The conflict between individual conscience and institutional authority
- The struggle for national identity and independence
- The role of faith and reason in society
- Gender roles and expectations
Character Analysis
Joan of Arc
Joan is the heart and soul of the play. Shaw presents her as:
- Charismatic and confident, yet naive
- Deeply religious, guided by "voices" she believes are divine
- Intelligent and articulate, despite her lack of formal education
- A symbol of proto-feminism and nationalism
"I hear voices telling me what to do. They come from God."
This line encapsulates Joan's unwavering faith and the source of her strength.
Other Key Characters
- Robert de Baudricourt: The first authority figure Joan encounters, initially skeptical but later convinced of her mission.
- The Dauphin (later Charles VII): Weak and indecisive, yet transformed by Joan's influence.
- Dunois: The military commander who recognizes Joan's tactical genius.
- Cauchon: The Bishop of Beauvais, who leads Joan's trial, torn between political pressure and his own conscience.
Tip
Pay attention to how each character's interaction with Joan reveals different aspects of her personality and the societal structures she challenges.
Themes and Symbolism
Faith vs. Reason
Shaw explores the tension between Joan's mystical experiences and the rationality of the Church and state.
"How can the Church be against me when I am acting under the orders of its Founder?"
