Saint Joan: A Comprehensive Study Guide

Historical Context and Background

George Bernard Shaw's "Saint Joan" is a powerful historical drama that brings to life the story of Joan of Arc, the French peasant girl who led armies, inspired a nation, and was ultimately burned at the stake as a heretic. To fully appreciate this play, it's crucial to understand its historical backdrop.

Shaw's portrayal of Joan is not just a historical retelling but a commentary on themes that resonate even in modern times:

• The conflict between individual conscience and institutional authority
• The struggle for national identity and independence
• The role of faith and reason in society
• Gender roles and expectations

Character Analysis

Joan of Arc

Joan is the heart and soul of the play. Shaw presents her as:

• Charismatic and confident, yet naive
• Deeply religious, guided by "voices" she believes are divine
• Intelligent and articulate, despite her lack of formal education
• A symbol of proto-feminism and nationalism

"I hear voices telling me what to do. They come from God."

This line encapsulates Joan's unwavering faith and the source of her strength.

Other Key Characters

• Robert de Baudricourt: The first authority figure Joan encounters, initially skeptical but later convinced of her mission.
• The Dauphin (later Charles VII): Weak and indecisive, yet transformed by Joan's influence.
• Dunois: The military commander who recognizes Joan's tactical genius.
• Cauchon: The Bishop of Beauvais, who leads Joan's trial, torn between political pressure and his own conscience.

Themes and Symbolism

Faith vs. Reason

Shaw explores the tension between Joan's mystical experiences and the rationality of the Church and state.

"How can the Church be against me when I am acting under the orders of its Founder?"