Once by Morris Gleitzman: A Journey Through the Holocaust
Setting and Context
"Once" is set against the backdrop of Nazi-occupied Poland during World War II. The story unfolds in a time of great turmoil and danger, particularly for Jewish people. Gleitzman masterfully weaves historical context into the narrative, allowing readers to experience the harsh realities of the Holocaust through the eyes of a child.
The setting is crucial to understanding the gravity of the situation and the challenges faced by the protagonist. It provides a stark contrast between the innocence of childhood and the brutality of war.
Main Characters
Felix
Felix is our nine-year-old protagonist, a Jewish boy with an vivid imagination and an unwavering optimism. His naivety and determination drive the story forward, often leading to both heartwarming and heartbreaking moments.
"Once I didn't know about my grandfather's nose. But then I did. People used to stare at it because it was so big, as if he'd been given somebody else's nose by mistake."
This opening line introduces us to Felix's unique voice and perspective, setting the tone for the entire novel.
Zelda
Zelda is a young girl Felix encounters and protects during his journey. Her presence adds depth to Felix's character, showcasing his compassion and sense of responsibility.
Barney
Barney is an adult who helps Felix and Zelda, representing hope and kindness in a world filled with cruelty.
Pay close attention to how Felix's relationships with Zelda and Barney evolve throughout the story. These connections are crucial to understanding Felix's growth and the novel's themes.
Plot Overview
The story begins with Felix living in a Catholic orphanage, unaware of the true reason for his parents' absence. Believing they're in danger, he embarks on a perilous journey to find them.
As Felix travels, he encounters the harsh realities of the Nazi occupation:
- Witnessing violence against Jewish people
- Narrowly escaping capture
- Finding and protecting Zelda
- Meeting Barney and experiencing moments of kindness
The plot is driven by Felix's misunderstandings and gradual realization of the truth about his situation and the world around him.
Themes
Innocence vs. Reality
Felix's innocence is constantly challenged by the brutal realities of war. His struggle to maintain hope in the face of adversity is a central theme.
"Maybe I'm not such a good storyteller after all. Maybe I've been telling myself the wrong story all along."
This quote exemplifies Felix's growing awareness and the loss of his innocence.
Survival and Resilience
The characters' determination to survive against overwhelming odds is a recurring theme, highlighting human resilience in the face of unimaginable hardship.
The Power of Stories
Felix often uses storytelling as a coping mechanism and a way to make sense of his experiences. This theme underscores the importance of narrative in shaping our understanding of the world.
Some readers might interpret Felix's stories as mere escapism. However, they serve a deeper purpose in helping him process trauma and maintain hope.
Narrative Style
Gleitzman's use of first-person narration from Felix's perspective is crucial to the novel's impact. It allows readers to experience events through the eyes of a child, amplifying both the innocence and the horror of the situation.
The short, simple sentences mimic a child's thought process:
"Once I escaped from an orphanage in the mountains and I didn't have to do any of the things you do in orphanages. No more praying, no more sewing, no more toiling in the fields."
This style creates an intimate connection between the reader and Felix, making his journey all the more poignant.
Symbolism
Felix's Books
Felix's cherished books symbolize hope, imagination, and the power of stories to provide comfort and meaning in difficult times.
Carrots
Carrots appear throughout the story, often in moments of kindness or hope. They symbolize nourishment, both physical and emotional.
When Felix shares his carrot with Zelda, it represents not just sharing food, but also care and compassion in a world where such acts are rare and precious.
Impact and Significance
"Once" is a powerful exploration of the Holocaust through a child's eyes. It tackles complex historical events and moral questions in a way that is accessible to young readers while still resonating with adults.
The novel's ability to balance hope and horror, innocence and awareness, makes it a unique and impactful work in Holocaust literature. It encourages readers to confront difficult truths about human nature while still believing in the possibility of kindness and resilience.
While "Once" is often categorized as children's literature, its themes and emotional depth make it a valuable read for all ages, prompting important discussions about history, empathy, and the human spirit.
By focusing on individual experiences and relationships, Gleitzman brings the enormous tragedy of the Holocaust down to a personal, relatable level, making it an essential tool for education and remembrance.
