Understanding Robotics in Manufacturing & Industry
- Robots play an essential role in modern production, automation, and even everyday life.
- Their capabilities vary depending on their generation, function, and level of intelligence.
What is a Robot?
- A robot is a programmable machine capable of performing tasks, often replacing or assisting human labor.
- Robotics technology evolves over generations, each with increasing complexity and intelligence.
Impact of Robotics on People
- Automation in factories has led to increased productivity but also job losses, as robots replace skilled labor.
- New job roles emerge, such as robotic technicians who program and maintain robots.
- Ethical considerations include the effect on workers in industries like textiles, where automation may impact developing economies.
Generations of Robots
1st Generation Robots (Single-Task, No Sensors)
- Perform one specific task without reacting to the environment.
- Programmed for fixed, repetitive actions.
- Automated welding robots – Used in car manufacturing.
- Pick-and-place robots – Move products on conveyor belts.
Like a washing machine—it follows a set cycle without reacting to external conditions.
2nd Generation Robots (Sensors for Environmental Response)
- Use sensors (light, sound, motion, etc.) to react to their surroundings.
- Can perform multiple tasks based on input data.
- Sorting robots – Used in warehouses to classify and move packages.
- Educational robots – VEX, LEGO Mindstorms, and Makeblock mBots.
Like a motion-activated light—it only turns on when it detects movement.
3rd Generation Robots (AI-Driven, Autonomous)
- Use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to learn and adapt.
- Capable of independent operation without human supervision.
- Self-driving delivery robots – Navigate streets to deliver packages.
- Surgical robots – Assist doctors in precision surgeries.
- Hive robot systems – Large groups of robots work together under AI control.
Like a self-learning chess computer—it makes decisions based on experience rather than pre-programmed rules.
Key Characteristics of Robots
Work Envelope
- The 3D space a robot can move within.
- Determined by arm length and the number of axes it can rotate through.
- 3D printers – Have 3 axes (X, Y, Z).
- 5-axis CNC routers – Can reach behind, above, and around objects.
