Linear vs Circular Economy
Linear Economy
Definition
Linear Economy
An economic model that follows a take—make—dispose approach, leading to
depletion of resources and waste.
- Extraction: Raw materials are extracted from the earth.
- Production: These materials are transformed into products.
- Consumption: Products are used by consumers.
- Disposal: Once used, products are discarded, often ending up in landfills or incinerated.
Note
The linear economy is often summarised as "take, make, dispose."
Note
Limitations of the linear economy:
- Resource depletion: Raw materials are used up faster than they can be replaced
- Environmental harm: Creates waste and pollution
- Economic loss: Discarded products waste valuable materials and resources
Example
The fashion industry exemplifies a linear model, with fast fashion brands producing cheap clothing that is quickly discarded, leading to significant waste and environmental harm.
Circular Economy
Definition
Circular Ecomomy
A circular economy is an economic model where resources are kept in use for as long as possible, extracting maximum value during their life, and then recovering and regenerating products and materials at the end of their life cycle.
- Design for reuse, repair, and recycling
- Use sustainable or recycled materials in production
- Encourage maintenance and upgrades during use
- Recover and repurpose products at end-of-life to avoid waste
Note
The circular economy is often described as "reduce, reuse, recycle."
Note
Key Principles of the Circular Economy
- Design Out Waste: Products are designed to minimise waste and facilitate recycling or reuse.
- Keep Products and Materials in Use: Strategies like remanufacturing, refurbishing, and recycling extend the life of products and materials.
- Regenerate Natural Systems: Practices such as composting and sustainable agriculture restore and enhance natural ecosystems.
Comparing Linear and Circular Economies
| Aspect | Linear Economy | Circular Economy |
|---|---|---|
| Resource Use | Extracts and depletes resources | Reuses and regenerates resources |
| Waste Management | Disposes of waste | Minimizes waste through recycling |
| Product Design | Focuses on short-term use | Designs for longevity and reuse |
| Economic Model | Relies on continuous production | Emphasizes resource efficiency |
| Environmental Impact | High pollution and resource depletion | Reduced impact through closed loops |
