CAD Modelling and Design Development
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
CAD (Computer Aided Design) refers to the use of computer software to create, modify, and communicate design ideas with precision.
Types of CAD Models
- Surface models
- Solid models
- Virtual models
Surface Models
Surface CAD Models
Digital 3D models that represent only the external surfaces of an object, without defining its internal structure or volume.
- Characteristics:
- Lightweight: Surface models require less computational power.
- Flexible: Ideal for complex curves and organic shapes.
- Applications:
- Automotive and aerospace design: Analysing aerodynamics.
- Consumer products: Focusing on aesthetic appeal.
Surface models are not suitable for structural analysis or manufacturing as they lack internal volume and material properties.
Solid Models
Solid CAD Models
Digital 3D models that provide a complete representation of an object, including its external form, internal structure, and material properties.
- Characteristics:
- Comprehensive: Includes volume, mass, and material data.
- Accurate: Suitable for engineering analysis and manufacturing.
- Applications:
- Mechanical engineering: Designing functional components.
- Architecture: Creating detailed building models.
When working with solid models, consider factors like material properties and manufacturing constraints to ensure the design is feasible.
Virtual Models
Virtual Models
Digital representations of a product that go beyond physical form to include simulations, animations, and interactive elements for testing and visualisation.
- Characteristics:
- Dynamic: Can simulate real-world conditions.
- Interactive: Allows for user interaction and testing.
- Applications:
- Virtual reality (VR): Immersive design reviews.
- Augmented reality (AR): Overlaying designs onto real-world environments.
In architecture, virtual models can simulate lighting conditions and structural behavior, providing valuable insights before construction begins.
The Role of CAD in Design Development
- Precision: Accurate dimensions and tolerances
- Flexibility: Easily edited and adapted
- Analysis: Simulate motion, test stresses, explore materials
- Communication: Share visuals or technical drawings with stakeholders
- Prototyping Ready: Can be exported for 3D printing, CNC machining or laser cutting
Think of CAD as a digital workshop where designers can build, test, and refine their ideas without the constraints of physical materials.
Automotive Industry
- Surface Models: Used for aerodynamic analysis and aesthetic design.
- Solid Models: Essential for engine components and structural parts.
- Virtual Models: Simulate crash tests and performance scenarios.
